Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

Case study - Essay ExampleTo the majority, what was just a concept and day-dream never come true had been turned into reality.In order to secure the future of the product in America, the marketing team had to address several issues with a high level of precision. Target population was unity of the main issues to be addressed. Consideration of the target population, in this case, is the young population. It was based on the specs of the vehicle as the New Beetle is economical, stylish, and affordable (Rossman, 2011).The other key issue was to increase the sales multitude of the brand. The first step towards improvement of the sales lackluster performance was to hire a new advertise agent. The new advertising agent would help in making the German piece of engineering captivating again (Kiley, 2002).Several challenges were faced in an attempt to improve the number of cars on the streets of America. Dealing with the competitors was angiotensin-converting enzyme of the challenges. Test and preference vary a great deal in America. Attaining the required target demands intensity or rather focusing on a specific market niche. The other challenge was to stay fresh up with the Americas ever-changing taste. The young population of America needs constant change and improvement of the vehicle with time. They easily get bored of a particular product after using it for some time.In conclusion, the marketing team in conjunction with the German engineers has been doing a good job regarding manufacturing and maintaining sales of the brand. customer satisfaction for a long period comes at a price, and the Volkswagen team has been doing it. Introduction of other models that meets the customers requirements has as well as helped in maintaining the

Monopoly...is a great enemy to good management. Adam Smith, (1776), Essay

Monopoly...is a great enemy to good management. Adam metalworker, (1776), The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter XI. address - Essay ExampleIn the light of this statement therefore this incredulity involves the discussion of the various securities patience social organizations and their contribution to the achievement of the highest possible level of allocative and productive efficiency (in twain static and dynamic senses).The question already suggests that the Monopolised commercialise structure is not conducive to good management or efficient alternative allocation. Resource allocation in a modern economy demands allocative efficiency which means that resources should be allocated to foregather the wants of society. Essentially this would mean a point of allocation where no redistribution would enable one individual to be made better off without making someone else worse off. Allocative efficiency would therefore consider both the consumer (demand) and the producer (supply ) and that it should satisfy the needs of both.This essay will mainly discuss the two main extremes of competing market structures i.e. monopoly and perfect competition and to a slightly lesser extent similar models along the vast eye socket of economic models falling halfway between these extremes for example Oligopolies.Perfect Competition represents the efficiency achieved by an industry which has extensive competition and almost no interference in the market forces either by the venders or buyers or the government. Monopoly on the other hand represents a rather inefficient means of market structure characterised by lack of competition and extensive market control. 3.The reason the statement by Adam Smith seems to resent Monopoly power is because of the complete market control by the monopolist who as the only seller in the market will control the supply of goods in the market and is able to influence the scathe of its product sometimes in an unfair way.Perfect competition, in contrast is preferred in this pick up as a market structure where each firm has neither got any significant

Paper should be down on the country Ethopia Research

Should be guttle on the country Ethopia - Research Paper ExampleThere are eighty six cognize indigenous languages in Ethiopia proscribed of which 82 are spoken and 4 are extinct. The Amhara have been the supreme ethnic groups traditionally. Other ethnic groups have responded differently to different situations taking place in Ethiopia. The regulation of living refers to the easily cosmos. Well creation is defined in terms of a state being healthy, happy and satisfied. It refers to the quality, degree of excellence, grade or distinguishing characteristics. In the context of Ethiopia it refers to mainly availability of resources/goals to satisfy staple fibre needs. Standard of living has to do with having farm, land, farm implements and a house in rural settings, as well as having a job (employment) or business (income) in urban settings. Those people without these have a jeopardized standard of living The standard of living or the economy of Ethiopia started to grow by early 1970s, and it modify into areas such as manufacturing and services. Ethiopia is the 12th least developed country in the world (UNDP, 2007). The HDI for Ethiopia is 0.414 which ranks the country 171st out of 182 countries. The less than average score of HDI 0.51 for Sub Saharan Africa is scored by Ethiopia. It made no improvement in its peoples standard of living as compared to earlier years. ... The PPP income of Ethiopia is 58% and is on 146th trope among the other countries of the world. The standard of living reflected by the GDP, HDI and PPP values places Ethiopia behind 132 countries in having a infract living standard. Inequality within the countries and between the countries is identified as one of the main barriers to human festering (UNDP HDR, 2005). The inequality is a major problem in Ethiopia which includes major gender inequality and income inequality issues. Although Ethiopia trunk one of the most tradition bound societies in Africa, the policy instruments and leg islative commitments serving womens interests, recently introduced a vast majority of Ethiopian women, particularly in rural areas, as far from being well off, independent, and direct beneficiaries of development initiatives. Women are considered inferior to men both in family life and fraternity at round, fol kickoffing traditional socio cultural installations and practices. Polygamy, female genital mutilation, and violence against women are very habitual in Ethiopia. Many urban and rural women believe that their husbands have a right to beat them. slightly 73 percent of Sub Saharan Africans live on less the US$2 per daylight (UNDP, 2011). The UNDP has launched a pro-poor initiative to boost job creation through pro business development that engages low income Africans e.g. customers, employees, producers or entrepreneurs. This initiative includes African countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, Angola and Malawi. 12 million people in 44% state are chronically or at least periodicall y poor and food insecure. A large percentage of Ethiopians are under nourished, and majority of the

Conducting e-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conducting e-Business - Essay ExampleChallenges faced by start-up businesses missing to make the best use of the network are first to know why they should take up the e-business route, to know what options are available, and then know in more detail how to go about the altogether process of setting up and running the system.All companies under the capitalist system seek emulous advantage over their competition. Therefore, minimizing costs and maximizing profits are the higher priorities.Greater challenges faced by those start-up businesses wanting to use the Internet as its core medium of operation through the deployment of a data-centric serving or productEffective integration of business processes so that the e-business solution is capable of delivering reliable and accurate product/service information online in real time.The company should be able to react readily to take on new opportunities and reduce costs and time to market their products/services.Additional modules of the e-business system should be flexible, meet industry standards, and allow new implementations to be added easily and quickly, and with minimal disruption.The system must be able to handle the different computing systems across all the companys offices and departments.Security issues dealing with authorization and access to the system both internally and on the Internet.Seamless integration of internal database with Internet system.Implementation of feedback loops to tailor service based on individual decisions and requirements. This requires faster data analysis tools and great integration.

My Plan for Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Plan for Reconstruction - Essay ExampleI must say to them that tyranny, exploitation and a sub tender treatment spanning across decades do stifle the human ability to dream. So on this momentous eve, I extend to our black brethren the freedom of daring to dream. These dreams pass on need to be supported by ample persistence and perseverance and the opportunities to seek education and justice. I know they understand the fundamental meaning of freedom. Now what they need to learn is that how this freedom is formally exercised and enjoyed in the American political and socio-economic life. I evoke them to extend their hands and grasp their fair share in the American political and socio-economic life. Dream and everything will become possible I predict that it will not be a miracle if one day, one of their sons and daughters becomes the President of the United States of America. Surprisingly, there were many amongst us who kept the flame of freedom and liberty lighted amidst the wind s of greed and debauchery. I thank them and at the same clock time intend to remind them that our struggle is far from over. The vested interests that gave way to slavery, a thing that was totally and abominably different to what we believe in, are as potent today as they were at any other time. The abolitionists no doubt comprise of one of the most enlightened spirits in America. The nation will get hold of their services for long times to come. Who can better become the voice of those that had been denied a voice than our gallant brothers and sisters who fought for the rights of the oppressed?

Applying for SJD in Environmental Law Personal Statement

Applying for SJD in environmental Law - Personal Statement ExampleThroughout my school life, I gull always strived to champion a distinguished and clean record in honor so as to steer me well up towards achieving my dream in law. I hold also shown great promise and likeliness of a remarkably outstanding scholarship. Moreover, putting into consideration my past records and present ambition, I amaze managed to show an ideal mellow potential for successfully completing the scholarly dissertation of high required quality as evaluate of me in this field. These I have managed to secure as an illustration of my capability in successful poring over of the Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D). Doctor of Juridical Science is a career that I desire I have the relevant ability to pursue. This is a career that I want to sturdy for a number of reasons. First, I want to use my knowledge and expertise to join other scholars and teachers of law in helping my demesne. The career is one that requires diligence and readiness to perform to the greatest of ones ability. This is the resembling extent of expertise that I want to employ and through it help my country. Saudi Arabia requires diligent bulk and great scholars who will help train the younger law students into becoming the people they want to be. Without great scholars and teachers of law, the present young students of this country who would like to pursue related law careers do not have hopes of achieving their dreams. I would like to be given a chance to help my country in reading these young students. I would like to contribute towards the making of the next legislators, lawyers, judges and many other law practitioners. Saudi Arabia does not have enough professors who mark in SJD in environmental law. This has always brought a lot of shortcomings when it comes to matters relating to environmental law. Moreover, if this trend continues this way, it is unfortunate but in the future we will not be able to have enough law practitioners who specialize in environmental law. We, as a country, and so need to have more professors who will apart from train students of law who specialize in environmental law, also help encourage other law students to join the specific field. I would like to have the opportunity to help in these. I would like to add to the number of professors who specialize in environmental law so that we can emphasize a lot of specialty in this field reasonable like other fields. The well-being of our environment is crucial to the normality of our country. Our environment supports our life and balances the ecosystem. The presence of lecturers who specialize in environmental law will directly or indirectly help boost this welkin and ensure its continuity. This is also why I want to specialize in environmental law. So that utilise my expertise, I can help train other students in ways of practicing effective environmental law. This country also has hardly a(prenominal) female lecturers. To be more specific, there are also very few female lecturers who specialize in environmental law. Women deserve a place in this profession. We deserve to have more women lecturers and also more of those needs to specialize in environmental law. For this reason, I would like to be given a chance to pursue the Doctor of Juridical Science and become a healthy female professor who will serve her country will all her knowledge and expertise.

Online Course VS. Traditional Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online cart track VS. Traditional Course - Essay ExampleKeywords online turn tail, handed-down course, learning When it comes to learning a course whether online or in conventional format, there are many things a person can actually compare or contrast. In this essay, the proponent tries to elaborate the actual experience obtained in taking an online course versus that of a traditional course acquired in a brick-and-mortar classroom in the presence of an teacher. Compared with an online course, a course taken in a classroom with a teacher requires more complex interaction including that not limited to verbal communications. At some point, non-verbal communication could somehow add to the quality of learning. For example, in the actual setting, learning in a classroom provides ample opportunity for scholarly persons to have maximum lively interaction with each separate and primarily with the teacher who would efficiently facilitate the discussion. However, this is just a specif ic discipline one could spend for comparing online course and traditional course. in that respect are other important issues that one needs to critically consider. In the actual online course, and based on experience, it is implied that a student needs to substantially come up with strategies for legal online learning. These include but not limited to setting objectives, spending clipping wisely, maximizing effective words and being adept with technology-integrated curriculum (Pankhurst, 2007 Forsyth, 2010 Adair, 2011 Information Resources Management Association, 2010). The major points of contrast in this case are the actual milieu where to facilitate learning and the maximum capacity or potential of the student to apply competitive strategies in acquiring maximum learning advantage. In classroom learning and traditional course, it is the teacher who most of the time would find it for the students to lively initiate how to acquire the entire plan for learning. In other words, as a facilitator, the instructor or teacher would ensure that there is an actual practical application of planned lessons and even strategies how to facilitate and make sure effective learning on the part of the students. There is a sort of spoon-feeding in this area knowing the fact that at the end of the class, the facilitator or instructor would see to it that everything should turn out well as planned. The instructor would make sure that everybody is qualified to detention the main concepts or ideas embodied in the lesson or discussion. Thus, in traditional course, students will be able to feel the personal touch of the instructor. In fact, after the lesson there is still another ample time for the students to interact with the teacher whitethorn it be either for some sort of clarification or spare learning and insights. On the other hand, the technology-integrated curriculum via online course may be a bit complicated, but it ensures experiences for the students suitable fo r the prevailing advancement in the 21st century (Ornstein, Levine & Gutek, 2010). In online course, the nature of learning and so may be a bit different from the traditional course because the instructor in the prototypic place needs to make the necessary adjustment due to the kind of environment involved in the learning process. For example, the instructor needs to maximize the time and the effective use of words in this environment because there are constraints when it comes to initiating a two-way communication process. Based on experience, one constraint may be the

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

brotherly work - Essay ExampleShe whitethorn not point realize how jaded and judgmental he/she has become. This is clearly someone who has never taken the time to realize and address their take ignorances, assumptions, and embraced stereotypes that could make them slight helpful and more of a hindrance. Such people lack the egotism-awareness that, I think, is so important to the flying field of hearty work and the kind of worker that I hope to be. Alice Miller, in Anne Bishops Becoming an henchman Breaking the Cycle of Oppression in People, says that without self awareness and an ability to connect with those you aid batch become just let out of a routine and that, morality and performance of duty are slushy measures(2002) In my mind this is a prime example of this line of thinking. This woman does her job, but she lacks empathy or even sympathy, but can, probably, fake it under the right circumstances. This is why it is essential for social workers to withstand an unders tanding of their own histories, backgrounds, biases, founded or unfounded, before they will ever be truly effective in their position. How effective a social worker will be in helping others is directly related ain beliefs, attitudes and outlooks, and how self aware they are.(Heydt & Sherman, 2005) It would be very easy for someone with discriminatory thinking or unresolved personal issues be inadvertently expressed in ways that cam impede the good works that a social worker is supposed to do. A social worker must take the time to self-evaluate, even if it agent discovering things about yourself that you are not necessarily proud of. Knowing your strengths, weaknesses, and flaws make you a more finish up person that can actually be beneficial to those with whom they are working. Having the right tools are essential to finish any task. A plumber is of little use without a pipe wrench. Social workers are no different, except the tool that they use to complete their tasks and achie ve their goals is themselves.(Heydt & Sherman, 2005) Self awareness is the core of ethical practices.(Lipschutz, 2012 ) That said, it whitethorn be difficult to genuinely perform their jobs ethically unless they are committed to becoming self-aware. In 2003, Sheafor and Horejsi, listed the eight-spot most common factors that can be an interference in the helping of others and are recommended as part of a social workers self-awareness check-list personal issues, appearance (clothing and grooming), behaviors that devalue or degrade others, distracting personal habits, difficulties in verbal communication, difficulties in cognitive functioning, problems in written communication, and poor work habits. Having reviewed all of these items, I find that I have no overwhelming or overpowering personal issues that might negatively affect my forthcoming works. I, always, attempt to dress and present myself professionally and appropriately for the work environment. I do not move in intentiona lly degrading or insulting behaviors. I have never been told that I have any distracting personal habits. I am a strong communicator, both, verbally and in written endeavors. Lastly, I think I have, both, positive and efficient work habits. That said, I am by no content perfect. There is much that I still need to learn, about my work and the people that I may eventually help. Still I am comfortable with myself and

The cold war (1945 - 1991) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The cold war (1945 - 1991) - Essay ExampleFirstly, propaganda is used for opposition. by interpenetrate of propaganda, an individual draws supporters who believe in him/her. In relation to the cold world war, the Soviet Union historically experienced frequent invasions from Russia, and immense death with subsequent destruction (Shaw 21). They sought to increase security by seeking assistance form neighboring countries. It is depicted that both the U.S and Soviet Union competed in construct of nuclear bombs, which they used in their attacks. For instance, rockets developed were used to send astronauts and satellites in space. Joseph Stalin, a subsequent attraction had his own version of the Soviet Union as a Socialist island. The Soviet propaganda was enhanced. From his perspective, he had the conceit that the Soviet Union was to attract other countries to capitalism during the period of temporary capital stability forrader its ultimate collapse. He believed that in order for th e Eastern Bloc countries to escape Soviet control, it was necessary to cause an economic integration with the west.The manner in which information exists in both history and literature and however how knowledge is distilled proves how each overlaps with the other. In both, how a story is presented is as important as it is the subject depicted object (Dean 5). It was during February 1945 when allied negotiations attributed to the post-war balance at the Yalta Conference took place. The main aim was to enhance multi-national peace, but the efforts were paralyzed by the individuals ability to use veto power.Further still, both allow a organic distinction between history and memory. This is because whatever is portrayed in both is then, as opposed to memory, which is now. Through critical management of documentary, it is realizable for history and literature to get close to history as possible (Dean 7).

Building an Innovation Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building an Innovation Strategy - Assignment ExampleThis speculation clearly states that there atomic number 18 stages of adoption of innovation, which starts with aw beness, followed by interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption (Rogers, 2010). Rogers also suggested that there are factors affecting diffusion of innovation. These include innovativeness, risk-taking and age, resistance to change, innovative attitudes and values (Rogers, 2010). In former(a) words, innovation raisenot well be gained, because it is affected by some individual or personal characteristics (Rogers, 2010). If personal characteristics are say towards the identical goal that allow for lead to the achieverful implementation of innovation, then at some point, Rogers brain will guarantee us of the achievement of innovativeness linked to risk-taking behavior and age, and the level of resistance to change, and innovative attitudes and values. In reality, the level of innovativeness of every individ ual varies. There are individuals who are earlier in adopting an innovation compared to the other members within the entire social systems. Based on the idea of Rogers, this variation will be a remarkable barrier to successful implementation of innovation, because not everyone will have to hold on to the same level of innovativeness. Innovativeness simply is about opportunity at some point or to which it is being presented first. However, not all individuals have the same level of risk-taking behaviors and even age. According to Roger, this factor will have to issuing because older managers are less likely to take risks as empirically observed. Even people are also hesitant to accept transition, such as acceptance of new technology as the effect. This is a remarkable manifestation of the individuals nature to resist change. Finally, there are situations that influenced people attitudes or values because of certain situations. According to Rogers, these are remarkable factors that w ill influence the level of innovation that will take lay in an organization. However, contrary to the idea of Rogers, Joseph Schumpeter argued that innovation can be seen as notional destruction waves allowing it to restructure the entire market for the advantage of those who are able to grasp discontinuities faster (McCraw, 2009). In other words, this theory establishes the point that capitalists have continued enhancement of the existing structure, by administering it, but this can only possibly bring the idea of the cycle between creation and destruction. There is therefore a cycle of things concerning innovation if one will take into account the idea of Schumpeter. This may therefore place some certain firms in Open Innovation by which there is a dominant instalment of becoming flexible in the use of several business models (Hafkesbrink, Hoppe and Schlichter, 2010). The above concepts and theories closely illustrate the success factors for people and innovation. Next to this point is concerning the organisation architectural plan models that drive innovation. Any effective organizational design models that exist at present are good at aligning business strategies and objectives to guarantee that resources are efficiently

Compares essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Compares - Essay Examplee actually grouped into treys to dramatically focus on deliveryman at the center, in a triumvirate melancholic position, suitably manifesting the solemnity of the supper, in conjunction with the anticipated passion and suffering to come. The colors were actually matte and zippo glaring or domineering exists in the painting. Judas, the betrayer, was included with the twelve, so viewers who are familiar with Jesus life and story would strain to determine who among them would betray Jesus. Da Vincis Last Supper is more(prenominal) solemn, more remorse, despite the depicted movements of the disciples all seated with Jesus. in that respect is balance in the whole painting, with Jesus at the center there appears to be exactly four panels on the left and right walls of the room, and the three windows at the back diametrically positions Jesus at the center.When viewed together with Tintorettos own interpretation of The Last Supper, atomic number 53s own conten tion is that Da Vincis work is more sublime, formal, with a uniform expression in style manifesting balance and harmony in figures. Tintorettos depiction of the painting was more dramatic manifesting dynamic movements of the disciples, with predominantly more participants in terms of opposite observants, in addition to the 12 disciples. The last mentioneds paintings contain heavenly figures in the form of angels and Jesus, with halo, in radiant splendor, in complete bank line to the basically twilight(prenominal) background. There appears no balance as there is more light on the left portion of the painting illuminating from Jesus halo, in stark contrast to the right dark side. Further, Judas, the betrayer, was positioned in the darkness to manifest the tragedy of his actions and be interpreted as being away from the light.There are similarities in Da Vincis and Tintorettos The Last Supper in terms of theme, subject, and context. Otherwise, all other elements contain disparitie s in medium, in dimensions (Da Vincis painting was larger), in

Leadership - Paper assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership - Paper assignment - Essay ExampleIn addition, she won several contests and awards such as Peabody Award. The road to becoming a star strengthened while she was boodle where she met Quincy Jones and Sted piece of music Graham, who have remained influential in her leading role. She became the first African American to own a interior(a) television program (Garson, 2011). Oprah Winfreys leadership remains manifested in her entrepreneurial endeavors. She belongs to the fourth level of celebrities draw as celebrity entrepreneurs. The characteristics representative of this level include well established business tycoons who preside over their personal empires, and goes beyond endorsing and claiming control of their products. Some of her attributes encompass a sense of self-making, wide audience appeal, over element of business knowledge and understanding, and a celebrity status that enhances appeal. In addition, she exists as an individual corporation, maintains a indistinc t line between her private and public life, liked by many, niche finder and a tastemaker given her find out over public opinions. All these attributes reveal her influences, influence, and styles in leadership (Miller, 2004). The Disney Company exists as one of the long-term outstanding film producing companies in the United States. Disney upholds a film legacy from a Marxist, cultural studies, feminist, and post structuralism perspective. The company also bears a twofold role as twain a cultural producing company and an American symbol. Thus, the company continues to maintain its brand name on the set of conservative American families. The film productions address a variety of contemporary issues. These issues include nature, heritage of nance tales, engendered images of science, gender performance, technology, business, class, race, family, and translations of oral culture to visual texts. The ideology of Disney Company demonstrates how representation, identity, and power comp rise the substantial positions in American cultural struggles (Bell & Sells, 1995). The Disney Company experienced a lengthy and complex relation to the lesbian and aerial community. This became criticized based on how animations, theme parks, television series, merchandise, and live action films from the company provided ideas and traits that the human being culture right away embraced. This historical occurrence created an ambiguous legacy on how modern advertising and consumption affected ship canal in which gay men and lesbians express their sexuality. During this particular point in history, Oprah Winfreys leadership influence would have altered the ambiguous legacy of Disney while reinforcing the organizations image especially to the gay and lesbian community (Bell & Sells, 1995). Oprah Winfrey also experienced an almost similar occurrence when the Independent Cattlemens link of Texas placed a suit against her, claiming that she had ridiculed the production and distributio n of beef products. This made her to relocate her daily direct to Texas while working on the suit. However, she won the case. Concerning Disneys historical case, Oprahs leadership would have also reformed the legacy of the company given her strong and well-known leadership attributes. Given the self-made man ethos as well as the spirit of entrepreneurship as part of the cultural dimension of United States, it would be no surprise that Oprah would have utilized her celebrity power in

SPECIAL EVENT PART 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SPECIAL EVENT PART 2 - Coursework ExampleEven though the jurisprudence had a right to maintain impartiality and order in Miami Beach during the festive season, they extradite no right to arrest people who are trying to find out why their friends receive been arrested. The police also needed to be sensitive to the fact that the visitors to the city had come from unalike States with different cultures. These visitors were therefore inclined to engage in behaviors that were weird and strange to other people. Such should not invoke arrests but only a warning. I think that the police had directives from the Police chief to make a certain number of arrests to show that they were really working hard. This is the reason why they ended up apprehend anyone whom they thought was breaking the law, which in some circumstances did not exist. An example is there was not law outlawing arguing with friends after having a drink. But the police interpreted this as a sign of misdemeanors.What the police department does is to come up with stringent laws that they do not expect to be followed by hundreds of bugger off who have come down the beach to have fun. Someone would not expect that laws such as drinking, tatty music, or even prohibiting littering will be adhered to people especially the youth who are feeler down to lay their stress. Increasing the number of arrests is yet another way they have tried to manipulate the rowdy people that come down for the weekend. They enforce laws such as open containers, illegal parking, and loud music. This seems to be their motto. I think what the Miami Beach police does is to deliberately come up with laws that they feel very well that it is difficult to adhere to especially with a crowded and excited

Risk Management & Responsibilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Management & Responsibilities - Essay sampleThis is because there are genuine uncertainties in both physical and social systems. Nuclear scientist is obliged to (1) school extreme care about current projects and possible impact of their outcomes on environment. It is important to (2) produce maps of danger, deprivation, indisposition and despair, so that the social justice aspects of all this are formally taken into account long-range seance plans take these maps into account and explicitly incorporate risk-avoidance measures. (3) Precaution presents a case for science type twist of interdisciplinary science, upon government, more complete communication, and dialogues surrounded by judgment of possible outcomes and cost-effectiveness calculations of various courses of action. In this case responsibilities entertain more than simply passing moral judgment about what should and should not be done in a particular situation. Risk management is part of the (4) conscious decisi ons thermonuclear scientists make about the directions and consequences of the decisions. It is a link between morality, responsibility, and risk assessment. In this situation, the staff should work together taking into account threats and consequences of their studies for the creation (Doherty, 2000). For a nuclear scientist, risk management requires (5) flexible technologies arranged with diversity. It is possible to consider its lead time, building block size, capital intensity and need for infrastructure and, if it threatens to be highly inflexible, then decision-makers should consider ways in which flexibility might be enhanced, through shortening the lead time, or reducing the scale, capital intensity, or need for infrastructure. This is a central aspect of any satisfactory account of risk management for nuclear scientist.(1) Job security is one of the main responsibilities of engineers which deal with research process and design. Their responsibilities are (2) to design th e projects harmonise to safety measures and regulations accepted by the entire organization. This would also permit greater use of (3) mediation techniques and mechanisms in risk management. Ensuring best value and managing risk are two fundamental issues involved in the spoken language of engineering projects. Responsibilities of an engineer involve project safety, design and resources allocation. Precaution is essentially about extending engineering projects to the domain realm, about re-ordering victim powerlessness in favor of new mechanisms of victim avoidance, and of guaranteeing buffers of protected ecological shoes or safety to avoid going too close to unknowable. Because precaution places the burden of proof on the risk creator to show no unreasonable harm and to build in guarantees of compensation in case of honest misjudgment, so precaution favors the would-be victims rather than the beneficiaries of risk-related decisions (Doherty, 2000). In the world of global envir onmental change, the full influence of precaution would be socially approved.The lack of effective communication of risk between engineers and non-technical clients and between engineers and the general public is a major problem. No matter what approach is adopted to problem-solving (4) it is infallible to construct models, whether formal or informal. There are different attributes of models that are worth exploring function, grounding, form, specification, applicability and

Do you think David Hockney's research and theory on the use of Assignment

Do you think David Hockneys research and guess on the enforce of technology by the artists of the Renaissance period is important for artists today - Assignment fontuse people are in continuously eyeball and many students have learnt to do it weaken than Hockney can within a short time .If it was true that, Old artists were non able to hasten realistic- drawings, then this means that they were worse at drawing than contemporary art students are and this invalidates Hockneys claim and hence his search for a better explanation is left unjustified.Contemporary artists record what they have done and the command methods used to demonstrate how they undertake their business. Dictionary of human world form by Ted explains how to make accurate human drawings in broad variety of poses. (Ted, 5-35). Hockney explains that, medieval artists feared being burned as witches for making images with lenses and mirrors, but does non explain how contemporary artists publish information and ho w they do that. He dismisses past centuries evidence which indicate that elderly artists did non use optical on the grounds that they actively hided secrets by falsifying evidence. He does not put into consideration dismissing the living artists who work in the way that he claims is impossible. He is similar to a conspiracy theorist that supports their theories because there is no evidence to its negation.Ateliers are not new and they present unploughed chain stretching back to the Renaissance. Books written by pre-20th century painters do not mention the use of optical aids in drawing and painting. These books are still in existence but Hockney did not study them to discover how the Old artists did their work. He selectively choose writing that mention optical devices and went fore to present the claim as if the rest didnt exist and that, artists lied about the methods they used to avoid being burned as witches. His claim is not convincing because the painters he claim could no t paint lived in era where there was no chance of being condemned.Sculpture during the olden days were realistic and wondrous just the same way drawings and painting were and there were

For one more day by Mitch Albom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For one more(prenominal) day by Mitch Albom - Research Paper ExampleCharleys overprotect Posey had died some years ago though he wished to spend additional time with his mother. According to the book, the love between a nipper and his mother is strong because it can save a child. The major theme of the story is family because it reflects occurrences in many another(prenominal) families today as evident in themes, viewpoints, and characters. Character The main characters of the book are Charleys family members. Charley is the cashier and the major character of the story. The story reveals pertinent concerns focusing on the relationships between children and their parents in the current ordering (Albon 2). Most male children like to be associated with their fathers though they have difficult relationships with them. Charley of all time sided with his father. He always wanted his fathers approval though he was always hard on him. He made Charley believe that he was never good eno ugh. This made him try hard with the intent of affirming his worth. This happened in his childhood and adulthood when he was at the Old Timers baseball team. Charleys father in the reinvigorated represents the fathers who live their dreams through their children. It is true that parents like to achieve their targets through their children by forcing them to do what they do not like. Charlies father wanted him to read his vision of playing baseball. He bullied his son though he was growing up. This is shown when the father ordered him to leave his mothers birthday party for a baseball game. He told Charley that he should subscribe to either his mother or him. The father told him that he could not choose both. Charley discovered later that his father was a hypocrite who led a double life. This is because his father has a second alcohol store, a second married woman, and another child (Albom 17). Charleys relationship with his mother in the novel shows that mothers give birth their children though they tend to make serious mistakes. His mother always made him realize that he should return to his life. Charlie discovered that his mother was considerate compared to his father. This was evident when Charlie told his mother that he made a wrong mistake when they visited the Italian wife. He told his mother that he loved and admired her. Charlie thought that he should have chosen his mother over his father. However, his mother opposed by indicating that it was not his culpable because he never had a chance to choose. She knew that his son was confused throughout his life because he failed to acknowledge whether to support his mother or to please his father. She also knew that his son was pressured by his father to choose him as his usage model (Albom 43). Charlies relationship with his daughter was also poor because he felt guilty for neglecting his mother making him an alcoholic. His wife left him because of this habit. This shows that a childs life is immensel y affected by his parents behaviors. Charlie had problems with his wife and daughter because of the effects of his relationship with his parents. He never saw his daughter after his wife left him. His daughter got married but he was not invited to the wedding. This made Charlie to feel so lone(a) that he wanted to kill himself. During their meeting, Charlies mother helped him realize that he should reclaim his relationship with his daughter (OHara 1). Setting The novel is set in a fictitious village where Charlie had created good and bad

Care provided to victims Essay Example for Free

C are provided to victims EssayCrisis intervention is care provided to victims of a crisis to cooperate them adapt to the new challenges veneering them. It is an urgent action taken to instigate peck overcome trauma resulting from a crisis. A crisis results from disruption of life, as we are accustomed. These disruptions present huge challenges to victims. In repartee they exhibit different characteristics. While change is constant in society, it presents challenges some of which resolve themselves let on and others that command headmaster champion. A crisis intervention concenter takes care of those who, when faced by these challenges, become disoriented and unstable. (Aguilera, Donna, C, 1998) The crisis facing Danville residents include anxiety, suicidal thoughts and trauma from domestic violence and crime. These problems are precipitated by rampant unemployment due to completion of some firms. The crisis intervention center give assist the residential area to ov ercome these challenges. It pass on have tether main objections namely containing the spread of the crisis, controlling the resultant trauma of the crisis and try as much to help the residents adjust to the new challenges. To meet the needs of the residents better the center volition be located in poor neighborhoods where the majority of these problems occur.It depart operate round the clock in order to commotion incidentally services whenever needed. The center allow for act promptly when our client is in need. We bequeath take infra our care victims of domestic violence or crime and counsel them to overcome their traumatic experience. We will assist to heal the emotional wounds acquired from their experiences. The main aim here will be to stop our clients from taking drastic actions with very negative consequences. Victims of violent acts are most vulnerable immediately after the horrific experience. They cannot imagine clearly and might take fatal measures.We will reass ure encourage them to be much positive. At the crisis intervention center, we will offer residents advice on how to ward off the occurrence of such a problem in the first place. We will identify groups in society that are predisposed to domestic violence, eviction torment and crime and try to lead them from such activities. We will encourage the vulnerable individuals to take action to avoid such problems when still early rather than wait till its too late The center will likewise provide clients continued counseling through the recovery period.Our aim is to as much as possible return the clients to the responsibility they were in before the crisis occurred. We will offer them an opportunity to speak out confidentially about their experiences, and their tone of voiceings or reactions to the experience. We listen to their problems keenly and offer advice that would help them come to terms with the square experience. We will organize support groups among the clients so that the y can share and rein nip each other. We will to a fault help the victims to move on after their traumatic experience. We will carry out follow up services to ensure full recovery.We will assist them to rebuild their lives providing the necessary encouragement and advice. We will help them to come up with workable solutions that would help them make necessary adjustments in life. We will not force decisions on them rather we will provide an enabling environment. Together we will develop solutions that stop the reoccurrence of the comparable problem. We will present the victims with the various options facing them and the consequences of each decision. This way they make informed choices. (Flannery, Raymond, et al,2000)Most of the residents who will come to our center will have other problems that are beyond our services. Such cases will be referred to the relevant institutions. Clients with physical injuries will be treated at the local hospital as we offer our services alongside. Those with mental instabilities will be referred to the mental health center for psychiatric help. Those with drug addictions will be referred to agencies that offer detoxification services such as the local Alcohol Anonymous for alcoholics. The center will coordinate with these agencies to provide an all round service.The center will rely on both paid staff and volunteers. Volunteers will be highly welcome due to cost constraints. We will encourage the local community especially past beneficiaries of the center to volunteer. Those who have been through the center will be more willing and optimistic to replicate their recovery on other members of society. We will also appeal to the Danville community to make donations to the center. The community should identify with the center and work for its success. In selecting staff, the center will look for individuals who are open minded and non-judgmental.These should be individuals who believe in the ability of others to change. They must enjoy working with people without any biases along class or race. They must be empathetic to the clients predicament and possess a never give up attitude. For the professional staff, they need to have academic and professional qualifications from recognizable institutions. They should also be registered with the relevant professional bodies. Reporting skills and some legal knowledge will also be of much relevant. The center will regularly train its staff together with the volunteers. The raising will focus on building counseling abilities and skills.We will train them on how to build and wield clients trust. Counseling can only take place in if there is equal trust and confidentiality. We also train them how to assist a client to open up listening keenly, non-judgmental attitude, and by softly prodding them. They should also keep reassuring the client. (mentalhealth. samhsa. gov) Offering counseling service is very energetic and energy sapping work. It can also be very frustra ting and heart breaking. Staff members become worn down and loose motivation. They will face constant pressure as they try to solve clients problems.They put in long hours and this hurts their ability to play their other roles in life. Some of the patients may turn abusive succession others may keep to their old ways no matter how had the social worker tries. The workers may feel that their effort and sacrifice is not fully appreciated or recognized. All these factors cause burnout. Burnout is a state frustration, loss of hope and a sense of failure. They feel that they cannot take it anymore and will have to quit. The center will put in place measures for the workers avoid or cope with the burnout. It will provide a mentorship program for the staff.The workers will be encouraged to form groups that provide a forum to share experiences and frustrations. We will also encourage them to eat well and engage in leisure activities. The management will also advise them to set their bound aries with their clients. The management will also improve on the work environment bit showing appreciation for work well done. (Penson, Richard, T, et al, 2000) References National Mental Health Information Center. Training manual(a) for Mental Health and Human Services Worker in Major Disasters. Retrieved on18/10/07 from http//mentalhealth. samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/ADM90-538/tmsection7. asp Flannery, Raymond, B. and Everly, George, S, 2000. Crisis noise A Review. Continuing Education. Retrieved on 10/18/07 from http//www. icisf. org/articles/Acrobat%20Documents/TerrorismIncident/CrsIntRev. pdf Richard T. Penson, Fiona L. Dignan, George P. Canellos, Carol L. Picard, Thomas J. Lynch, Jr. 2000. Burnout Caring for the Caregivers. The Oncologist, vol5. No5. Retrieved on 10/18/07 from http//theoncologist. alphamedpress. org/cgi/content/full/5/5/425 Aguilera, Donna C, 1998. Crisis Intervention Theory and Methodology. New York Mosby, 8ed

Iran Informative Speech Outline Essay Example for Free

Iran Informative dustup Outline EssayI.Iran is the center of the earth of international news right now with its oil sanctions, threats from Israel, threats of windup down the Straight of Hormuz but above all else, its expanses in nuclear power. a.Irans nuclear arc offectural plan and nuclear weapons have grown exponentially since 2003 threatening Middle- eastsideern countries and America.Iran has had a nuclear program since the 1950s when the U.S. helped demonstrate it as part of the Atoms For Peace program. But since then, the program has grown with out regulation from the I. A.E.A. b.The fact that Irans unstable g all overnment has nuclear capabilities threatens not only neighboring countries like Israel but also the perfect world and this situation needs to be handled as promptly as possible. c.In my speech, I will allege you on Irans nuclear program, why it is of the upmost importance, and what we as a nation should do in response.II.Because of Irans aggressive nuclea r behaviors recently the U.N. has taken notice and has retaliated. a.Harsh economic sanctions were placed on the Persian people recently.1.The sanctions are an attempt by the US and European powers to hurt Irans economy so that they have no choice but to halt all nuclear developments.2.Although the economic sanctions have hit hard and have settled the economy into a slow, down warfared glide, hemorrhaging jobs and hard currency but appearing to be in no immediate danger of collapse, western diplomats and analysts say, (Joby Warrick, 19 March, 2013), the sanctions havent triggered any protests or any slowing of nuclear development despite Persian peoples suffering. b.Not only has the Iranian economy suffered but it is also on the verge of war with Israel. 1.They have been in whats called a shadow war for 5 years where they exchanged terroristic type attacks. 2.Israel has blamed Iran for car and suicide bombings that targeted Israeli diplomats and killed Israeli tourists.Irans presi dent has accused Israel and the U.S. of colluding to kill nuclear scientists. c.Its clear that these issues will quickly escalate and have a negative outcome.III.If action isnt taken soon, the U.S. will suffer.a.Iran and Israels war is inevitable.1.War with Iran seems to be turning away from a mere possibility and more towards inevitabilityand depository of Defense Leon Panetta recently stated that he believes Israel will attack Iran, (Joseph Sarkisian, March, 2012).2.And because the U.S. has given Israel billions and has helped expand their military, if Israel attacks Iran in the in effect(p) future, America has no choice but to attack as well. b.In response to the sanctions, the Iranian government has menace to shut down the Strait of Hormuz. 1.The Strait of Hormuz is extremely important geographically because it is considered one of the worlds foremost chokepoints. In 2011, nearly 17 million barrels of oil, or almost 20% of the worlds traded oil flowed on ships through the Str ait of Hormuz daily. 2.If the Strait of Hormuz closes, our oil supply from the Middle East will be cut off and the overall price of gas will increase to over $8 and will force the U.S. to spend billions of dollars on new drilling sites in North America. c.These looming threats of war and oil restrictions need to be dealt with.

Professional Roles and Values Essay Example for Free

Professional Roles and Values EssayNursing is a job that invariably evolves to improve itself. There is a high demand for carrys all across America. Excellent nurse shape is achieved by understanding the chronicle of nursing and integrating the milestones achieved with the present set. Through advanced reading and new-fangled technology the nurse deal provide the uncomplaining with the best lot and promote familiarity health. noesis gives us power to change and advance in healthassist. My mission is to demonstrate excellence in clinical care by my commitment to evidence-based dress research, continuing education, and by delivering culturally competent forbearing care in a caring and healing environment in accordance with the nurse recital act. position AThe Board of Nursing (BON) is a regulatory agency that functions to protect the public as intimately as govern the safe practice of nurses. Every state has a board of nursing that mandates the nurse practice ac t be properly carried out. Nurse practice acts define the scope of nursing, how to obtain licensure, how to misplace licensure, and the consequences of practicing without a license. The makeup of the nursing board and its responsibilities come from the nurse practice acts also. The BON is responsible for reviewing the nurse practice act to ensure that minimum standards of practice are defined. The BON also approves nursing education programs, evaluates applicants, issues licensure, and disciplines those who violate the impartiality (Pearson Education, 2010). To obtain a nursing license in South Carolina I am required by the BON to have demonstrated competency in execute regulated activities that are complex, require skill, and independent termination -making.This is determined by showing verification of graduating from an approved Registered Nurse education program, passing game the national licensing test, and passing a criminal background check. In orderto renew my license bi ennially I must go through the BON and show verification of competency and the number of hours practiced as evidenced by my employer certification on a form approved by the Board. If I fail to comply the reclamation requirements the BON may deny my application for diversity. Also, abiding by the nurse practice act and refraining from unethical decisions much(prenominal) as using drug and alcohol at work, diverting narcotics, and abusing patients I am able to repose in good standing with the BON and abstain from any disciplinary action from the BON.The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a Professional Nursing Organization that provides nurses a variety of resources to support their careers. The ANA offers leadership positions within the organizations and workshops for continuing education as well as employment resources. Conferences are held within the organization to network and congregate active healthcare reform. Although the ANA does non offer any legal authority to gran t licensure or enforce practice policy, it carries the voice of the nurse and the public to the regulatory agency to evoke change (ANA, 2013). I currently am not a member of the ANA, but I plan to join.Being as though I am a nurse that works in the emergency division I feel the train to voice concerns I have in dealing with patient care and staffing issues. I also would desire to have a voice in addressing safe nurse to patient ratios in the emergency department. The ANA can help with these issues I face by helping to promote the lodge ins of nurses to state and federal legislative bodies identical the BON. I feel this organization can help me obtain the education I need in directing me to online courses offering continuing education credits and assist me in special credentialing such as obtaining a Certified indispensableness Nurse certificate. subdivision BNursing ethics are a set of standards concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationship with patients, pati ents family members, other healthcare providers, policymakers, and society as a whole (Cherry Jacob, 2011). One cooking from the code of ethics that influences my practice is The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and hit the hayledge development (ANA, 2013). Although patient care is of the utmost grandness nursing cant be practiced without the appropriate knowledge required.Evidence-based practiced research is such an important component to nursing. Without the dogging studies of such research progress would not be made in healthcare advancements.As a nurse that has worked in the emergency department I have engaged in educational opportunities offered by the emergency department has helped with quality improvement initiatives and increased patient satisfaction scores. A second provision that has influenced my practice in nursing is listed as The nurses primary commitment is to the patient, whethe r an individual, family, group, or community (ANA, 2013). Many generation in the emergency department families and friends are surrounding their loved one. It is the nurses primary duty to advocate for the patient. Many times families have other ideas of healthcare that the patient is not interested in. This is where communication and education is imperative between all involved. Also, if the patient refuses any type of care education is the best answer and then acceptance if the refusal is ongoing. Honoring the patients wishes as bulky as patient safety is not an issue must be upheld in the nursing profession.PART CThe ANA Code of Ethics consists of several traits that should be the underlying basis from all professional nursing practices. As a nurse one must interact with a multidisciplinary team to reach best results for a patients outcome. One of the traits that is important is mutual respect. In an Emergency Department I work with several entities all of which have the pati ents best interest at shopping centre. Collaborating, listening, supporting, and implementing goals are all part of having mutual respect for the team members as well as the patient and patients family. Another trait that is important is confidentiality. Privacy is an essential code of ethics. Discussing disposed(p) issues about a patient is restricted to those directly involved in patient care. Many times individuals try to call the emergency department and get updates on patients.I follow the laws in my displace regarding this issue. A third trait would be having respect for human dignity. This is important in the emergency department when patients are too sick to move. Many times patients soil themselves and feel embarrassed. We as nurses must acknowledge their feelings in a therapeutic way. We must maintain professional and never judge the patient in these instances.A fourth trait I possess would be accountability. I take full province to abide by the nurse practice act in my state. I follow the requirement for licensure renewal and take continuing education classes pertinent to my work area. I also am accountable for the nursing care of patients and to practice using the standards of care in my hospital. If I make a mistake I am held accountable for my actions and report any incidents to the appropriate personnel.PART DJean Watsons possibleness of Human Caring plays a significant part in promotion of a patients health. This theory suggests that there are carative factors that are the core to nursing. It is a holistic outlook that addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills (Cherry Jacob, 2011). Caring is a key element of the patients outcome. Possessing a caring heart sets the bar high in healthcare. The transpersonal process of caring, or caring among, nurse, environment, and client, is essential to healing and the nurse is the tool that implements these carative factors, that facilitates, and pr omotes the restoration of the patient health (Cherry Jacob, 2011).PART D1Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring fits in my professional practice daily. This model helps to establish a trusting rapport between you and the patient. When dealing with patients on an every mean solar day basis the nurse is the one who interacts with the patient the most and sets the tone for the relationship. Compassion and human play off are necessary for positive patient outcomes. Following this module reminds me and helps me to improve my delivery of care by allowing patients to communicate feelings while I actively listen to their needs. When I enter a patients room I survey the scene or take a holistic approach. I motivation to let this patient know I care about all of their needs and not safe the medical concerns. The theory states interconnectedness of one human touching or caring for another is a carative factor which promotes restoration of health and equilibrium (Cherry Jacob, 2011).After I i ntroduce myself to the patient I presently ask them how they are feeling or if there is anything that they are concerned about. I feel this gives the patient the opportunity to discuss concerns and allows time for therapeutic communication establishinga trusting nurse to patient environment. Watsons carative factors help with caring or maintaining health even when a patient is terminal. I instill this theory through offering chaplin services to patients or assistance finding mental support for those that are terminal. I come in contact with many different cultures in the emergency department and it is important to acknowledge the need for teaching and making it conducive for the patients to learn about their medication or disease process. apply a language lines shows the patient that you care about their health and education.PART EFlorence Nightingale was sacred and changed the face of nursing across the world from a career many looked down upon to a highly skilled and respected medical profession by implementing standards in healthcare and training others for the occupation. After witnessing the insanitary conditions during the Crimean War she obtained hundreds of scrub brushes and asked nurses and the least sick patients to scrub the inside of the hospital from floor the ceiling (The lifespan Company, 2014). Her compassionate, dedicated, and skilled work helped her to reduce the hospitals death rate by two-thirds from implementing The Environmental Theory into her practice (The register Company, 2014).Florence was a nurse that was able to look outside the box and critical think to find solutions to come apart healthcare. After learning of her great achievements the one I use most in my healthcare ambit is following sanitary measures. The spread of bacteria is very prevalent among the emergency department and by adhering to legislate hygiene beliefs and other core measures to keep from the spread of disease I feel her testimony sets the act for mo stly all healthcare employees. Also, through her courage and compassion for humanity she helped to mold my nursing practice into one of diligence.PART FRespect for autonomy comes to mind when I think of a grimace scenario. Upon triaging a patient with their significant other in the room I came across the medical history section. This may cause concern for some patients being as though we must obtain a full medical history. I explained to the patient that I have personal questions to ask her and needed to know if she would like to be alone during this process. The patient stated shewould like her significant other to leave the room. When interviewing the patient they informed me that they did not want their history disclosed to the significant other or any of the results of testing that day. I appreciated this request and then informed the significant other that they must remain in the waiting room until testing was finished and that it would be up to the patient to notify them of updates.Beneficence is the principle of providing good to someone whereas non-maleficence addresses the risk of a procedure to cause harm to a patient (Cherry Jacob, 2011). An poser of beneficence I encountered was when an elderly patient was scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization performed. While performing the pre-op measures for this patient it was observed that this patient had an area of breakdown on his skin and an elevated temperature. I at one time called the cardiologist and informed him of the findings. He came to talk to the patient and decided to reschedule the procedure for another day when he was afebrile. Without reporting the finding to the doctor the patient could have introduced infection into the bloodstream and could have became pussy with critical results.REFERENCESANA Nursing World. (2013). Retrieved from https//www.nursingworld.org Cherry, B., Jacob, S. (2011). Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends and Management, (5th edition). St. Louis Mosby Elsevie r. Florence Nightingale. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved fromhttp//www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539 Pearson Education. (2010). Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http//wps.prenhall.com/chet_sullivan_effective_6/21/5493/1406300.cw/content/index.html

Scm Test Questions Essay Example for Free

Scm Test Questions Essay

Child abuse and neglect Essay Example for Free

pip-squeak execration and dribble EssayINTRODUCTIONChild abhorrence and neglect can produce serious and long-lasting dam days. The range of coifions classified as youngster ab utilize or neglect is constantly changing as a result of accessible and economic conditions, political ideology, advances in medicine, improvements in communication and melding of cultures. Today, child abuse and neglect is widely recognized as a study social problem and policy issue without much of the world. During the last 50 geezerhood, the United States and legion(predicate) of the worlds nations consider responded to child abuse and neglect with legislative efforts, a sorting of programs and interventions, and organisational efforts to identify, respond to and prevent the abuse and neglect of dependent children. Today, there atomic number 18 innumerable local, national and supranational organizations, professional societies and advocacy groups devoted to preventing and dealing child a buse and neglect.Significance of the StudyOne campaign link to child abuse and neglect is paedophilia. paedophilia affects children of a accepted commove and within a certain age, commonly under the age of 15 or 16 years. intimately pedophiles are not reddish toward children, instead leading and enticing children to willingly perform bring upual acts, although near are gaga to the specify of rape and murder. In 1974, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment act was passed which provides federal funding at the state level for prevention and response to child abuse. With this act, galore(postnominal) states strengthened their response to child abuse and established child statutes in which parents whitethorn be prosecuted for abusing their children. Regardless of the juristic response on paedophilia, it is go that much cases never gravels to the attention of the criminal justice system and is, unfortunately, never dealt with. This serious and alerting case should be f ully characterized and understood for the good of the concerned children, especially the adolescents.What is Phedophilia?As a medical diagnosis, pedophilia is typically defined as a psychiatric disorder in heavy(p)s or late adolescents characterized by a primary or exclusive intimate interest in prepubescent children (generally age 13 years or younger). In contemporary Western societies, the subject is highly contentious and fraught with sound feelings. The strength of the feelings is readily let offed by concern for the welfare of the children and for their healthy, unimpeded ontogenesis. The child must be at least five years younger in the case of adolescent pedophiles. However, the term pedophile is ofttimes used to refer to any adult who is internally attracted to males or females below the legal age of consent. speckle there is considerable psychological and sociological literature about pedophilia, philosophers working on the philosophy of sex have given relatively little attention to the subject. As pedophilia is seen as a paradigmatic case of familiar perversion and is generally viewed with strong moral revulsion, it might have been expected to acquire more than philosophical interest. Experts believe that most pedophiles are males. Some female adults are sexually attracted to boys or girls, but these children are usually at or beyond the age of pubescence. Sometimes, however, females sexually abuse children in concert with males, or they will knowingly allow males to abuse their own children or new(prenominal) children.This is more likely to occur if the women are abusing drugs and/or alcohol. Pedophiles whitethorn believe that their behavior is normal and that it helps teach children how to depart loving and affectionate. Such individuals avoid such words as pedophilia, preferring to use such price as adult-child sex. They believe that separates who do not understand their behavior are unreasonably rigid. Some organizations of pedophiles claim large(p) memberships and actively support the practice of pedophilia. Pedophiles whitethorn fail to consider the pitiable- or long-term consequences of their actions for example, in star case, a pedophile was t hoar by a child whom he had met on the Internet that her mother was a guard officer, yet he molested the girl any carriage. Most studies of pedophilia are performed on people in jail or prison, and it is also true that many acts of this are never reported.Ephebophilia Its OppositeEphebophilia is a variety of male homosexuality. Ephebophiles are attracted to post-pubertal, sexually mature juvenilitys. They are sexually attracted to the fully developed, vigorous maleness of adolescence. In the narrow sense, pedophilia refers only to sexual attraction of adults to pre-pubescent and sex with them. When the term is used in this sense, ephebophilia is not included as one of pedophilias varieties, but rather distinguished from it, the end of puberty providing the line of demarcation.Characteristics of PedophilesPedophiles are age and sex specific. They will normally prefer children of a certain sex and within a certain age. Child molesters fall into several categories. One is the fixated pedophile who never moves beyond the attraction he or she felt for children when he or she was a child. The regressed pedophile often turns to children in response to stressful life events. Although most pedophiles do not physically harm children, the mysoped makes the ritual tie between fatal sexual violence and personal gratification. The sadistic pedophile abducts children for the purpose of torturing and lastly killing them to achieve sexual gratification. Pedophiles come from a variety of backgrounds. Some are well educated, degree others are illiterate. Many were not close to their fathers, and many came from homes where alcohol was a problem for at least one parent (usually the father). Pedophiles often have weak verbal skills, and almost 9 out of 10 felt particularly close to their mothers.The short size of the child provides the pedophile with an opportunity to exert personnel and authority. At the same time, the sex of the child has little to do with the adult sexual orientation of the molester. For example, a male pedophile may be very interested in sex with boys ages 9 or 10 years old, but at the same time be married and consider himself homosexual. nigh 80% have been documented as having a hi account statement of childishness sexual abuse. The pedophile is know to the child in 90% of cases, 15% or more are relatives of the victim. Homosexual pedophilia does not differ from heterosexual pedophilia. Research on the victim points out that most are female and the molester is usually known. However when a male is the victim, the molester may be a stranger. The degree of the pedophilia sexual act can vary ranging from simply observing the child, to touching, undressing, exposing of own genitalia, fondling, and sexual intercourse.I I. CAUSES OF paedophiliaThe exercises of pedophilia that have been researched persist unclear. It has been suggested that the pedophilia represents a regression or fixation at an earlier level of sexual development which resulted in an adult repetitive pattern of inappropriate sexual behavior. in that respectfore, it is suggested that the pedophile returns to a sexual clothing that was developed early in life. It is also theorized that the pedophile is expressing revenge regarding a childhood trauma. It is also tell that pedophilia is caused by a pleasurable sexual arousal to conditioned objects.The following are place as possible causes of pedophilia1. Parental punishment of a small boy for sustaining an erection2. knowledgeable abuse of a young male3. Fear of sexual performance or intimacy4. psychosexual trauma5. Socio-cultural and/or psychological factors6. Excessive alcohol intakePrevious studies have shown that same-sex child molester is high than opposite-sex offender s, with offenders against boys creation at a higher risk for delinquency, compared to offenders against boys. The number of prior offenses and the intensity of the fixation on children as sexual objects are factors that predict abuse. Another study was done over 111 child molesters.Child molesters included same-sex, opposite-sex, and mixed groups all responded to stimuli of specific ages and sexes. Findings showed that the degree of sexual reoccupation with children, paraphilia, and number of prior sexual offences were predictors of sexual delinquency. The causes of pedophilia are unknown, but most scientists believe that conditioning in one form or another is involved. The motivation/ learning model can account for the development of pedophilia and can explain its distribution over the life span.A Person to be Declared as PedophileThe diagnosed criteria for a pedophile are as follows1. Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, extreme sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urge s, or behaviors including sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years or younger) 2. The person has acted on these sexual urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked regret or interpersonal difficulty 3. The person is at least 16 years of age and at least 5 years older than the child or children molestedIII. EFFECTS OF PEDOPHILIAThe cause of pedophilia to an individual, especially to those who are at a young age, include initial fear, anxiety, depression, anger, attack and sexually inappropriate behavior. Boys have the same patterns of distress as girls, with symptoms such as fears, sleep disturbances, and distractedness however, boys consort to be less symptomatic than girls. Additional long-term consequences include self-destructive behavior, isolation, low self-esteem, trust issues, means abuse, and sexual problems. People who have a history of childhood sexual abuse have increase rates of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse. There is often an increase in psychopathology among victims of childhood sexual abuse and this psychopathology is distincted at times in the form of pedophilia or other inappropriate behaviors with young children. Victims of childhood sexual abuse are more likely than nonvictims of that abuse to manifest sexual hyper-arousal and sexually aggressive behavior with a tendency to repeat and reenact sexual victimizations as adults.Physical DamageInjuryDepending on the age and size of the child, and the degree of force used, pedophilia may cause internal lacerations and bleeding. In severe cases, damage to internal organs may occur, which, in some cases, may cause termination. Herman-Giddens found six certain and six probable cases of death due to child sexual abuse in North Carolina between 1985 and 1994. The victims ranged in age from 2 months to 10 years. Causes of death included trauma to the genitalia or rectum and sexual mutilation.InfectionsPedophile acts may cause infections and sexually catching diseases. Depending on the age of the child, due to a lack of sufficient vaginal fluid, chances of infections are higher. Vaginitis has also been reported. neurologic DamageResearch has shown that traumatic stress, including stress caused by sexual abuse, causes notable alters in brain surgery and development. A study was done on women who took SAT and it was found that the self-reported maths Scholastic Aptitude examen win of the sample of women with a history of repeat sexual abuse were significantly lower than the self-reported math SAT scores of the non-abused sample. Because the abused subjects verbal SAT scores were high, it was hypothesized that the low math SAT scores could stem from a defect in hemispheric integration. A strong association between short term memory impairments for all categories tested (verbal, visual, and global) and the duration of the abuse was also found.Psychological Damagepedophilia can result in some (prenominal) short-term and long-term harm, including psychopathology in later life. Psychological, excited, physical, and social effects include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, eating disorders, poor self-esteem, dissociative and anxiety disorders general psychological distress and disorders such as somatization, neurosis, chronic pain, sexualized behavior, school/learning problems and behavior problems including substance abuse, self-destructive behavior, animal cruelty, annoyance in adulthood and the worst, suicide. Long term negative effects on development leading to repeated or additional victimization in adulthood are also associated with child sexual abuse.There are both contrasting adaptive styles in sexual abuse victims. One adaption strategy seeks restraint through active repetition of the trauma, while the other adaption copes by avoiding sexual stimuli. Victims of childhood sexual abuse may exhibit mood disorders including chronic anxiety, depres sion, delayed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety attacks, and hysterical symptoms. Victims of sexual abuse may also experience difficulties in intimate relationships and express a sense of alienation, isolation, stigmatization, and a negative self-image. There is a wide variety of psychological conditions that have been documented in sexually abused children, with a higher-than-average tendency toward repetition of either being victimized at the hands of an adult or victimization of children.Arguments that Aroused about PedophiliaIn our type of society, pedophile sex is considered both a moral offense and a abomination that de serves a truly, serious punishment. There are two further arguments against pedophilia behind both its moral disapprobation and legal prohibition. First, sex with minors is unconventional because it is non-consensual second, it is harmful to those who are concerned. Both of these arguments have been questioned throughout time. Now, lets look on t he authority a pedophile is conceived by the public. The pedophile is often visualized as a dirty old man, a stranger to his victims, who forces himself on children and has a matured sexual intercourse, thus nonplusting them through a frightening and painful experience and inflicting serious and long-term damages on them.The drastic effects of the cases explain why pedophiles are usually called child molesters, and why pedophilia seems to be the most scorned of all the sexual variations. What is true is that most pedophiles are men but the majority is young or middle-aged. More often than not, they are not strangers they are likely to be a family, neighbor, or other adults that are known to the victim. The harmful effects of pedophilia on a childs sexual, emotional and personality development are still a matter of researches and debates rather than an authorized fact.IV. EXAMPLES OF CASES CONCERNING PEDOPHILIA* A 65-year-old youth minister of the First Baptist Church from Sinton, Texas who admitted to molesting a 6-year-old girl shocked a congregation of followers. The story saw this pedophilic Baptist minister through his 37-year jail sentence. I then hooked my thumbs in her waist, the minister said, and put my hands over her groin area, on the outside of her clothing. The first couple of times, she did not say anything, the minister continued. She was more interested in driving. But the second time, when I told her we needed to go home, and she slid over to the passenger seat, the look on her face killed my soul. I felt great remorse for having taken advantage of this child.* A glam-rocker Gary Glitter was convicted of possessing child pornography, but actual child abuse allegations against him were dismissed because his accuser had sold her story in a newspaper. Glitter seems to be a prime example of the predatory pedophile, continually unrepentant, even afterward going 27 months of imprisonment in Vietnam for offences against two girls he claimed he w as teaching English, after already being permanently barred from Cambodia in 2002 for sex allegations. This case had led for actions to remove passports from sex offenders.* February 11, 2011 Laval police handled one of the biggest cyber pedophile cases. Sandro Tasillo, 26, is linked to internet sex crimes involving 30 young girls. Police say Tasillo would be adrift for underage victims on Facebook. He would offer girls money to take off their clothes in drive of a webcam. But the money was never delivered, and the photos of the girls were often sold to other pedophiles. Tasillo was formally charged at the Laval courthouse. He faces a total of 40 sex charges. Police believe the 30 victims who have come forward are just the tip of the iceberg. Police are asking other potential victims to tint them as soon as possible. The investigation is still ongoing.V. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF PEDOPHILIATreatment for pedophilia emerged as a means to prevent child molestation or as a way to foreshorten sexual deterioration. That is, pedophilia is treated either when a person wants to remedy his pedophile tendencies, or when a person has committed a sexual offense against a child and his pedophilic interests addressed to reduce sexual deterioration. This combines preference-based treatment with programs designed to manage other criminogenic needs.Treatment would change factors known to be cogitate to sex offending. Improvement of these factors would correlate highly and negatively with recidivism. Progress in treatment technology would be reflected in greater reductions in sexual deterioration over time. Treatment outcome studies using stochastic assignment would show greater effect, and better-implemented programs would be more successful.In the earliest stages of behavior modification therapy, pedophiles may be narrowly viewed as being attracted to inappropriate persons. Such aversive stimuli as electric shocks have been administered to persons undergoing therapy f or pedophilia. This approach has not been very successful. Another common form of treatment for pedophilia is psychotherapy, often of many years duration. It does not have a high rate of success in inducing pedophiles to change their behavior. Pedophilia may also be treated with medications. The three classes of medications most often used to treat pedophilia are female hormones, particularly medroxyprogesterone acetate, or MPA luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, which include such drugs as triptorelin, leuprolide acetate, and goserelin acetate and anti-androgens, which block the uptake and metabolism of testosterone as well as reducing blood levels of this hormone.Most clinical studies of these drugs have been done in Germany, where the legal system has allowed their use in treating repeat sexual offenders since the 1970s. The anti-androgens in particular have been shown to be effective in reducing the rate of recidivism. Making the molester infertile is sometim es offered as a treatment to pedophiles who are repeat offenders or who have pleaded guilty to violent rape. Increasingly, pedophiles are being prosecuted under criminal statutes and being sentenced to prison terms. Imprisonment removes them from society for a period of time but does not usually remove their pedophilic tendencies. Many countries have begun to publish the names of persons being released from prison after serving time for pedophilia. Legal challenges to this practice are pending in miscellaneous authorities. Some recommendations for the treatment of pedophilia are the following1. Risk assessment using a well-supported pulse2. Education of the client, his spouse or partner, family members and close friends 3. Behavioral treatments targeting pedophilic sexual arousal 4. Monitoring of pedophilic clients in terms of access to child pornography, unsupervised contacts with children, and potential disinhibitors such as alcohol or drug use 5. Drug treatments targeting sex d rive for higher-risk individuals 6. Cognitive-behavioral and behavioral treatments targeting general risk factors for criminal behavior such as antisocial attitudes and beliefs, association with antisocial peers, and substance abusePreventionThe main method for preventing pedophilia is avoiding situations that may make headway pedophilic acts. Children should never be allowed to engage in one-on-one situations with any adult other than their parents or trustworthy family members. Having another youth or adult as an observer provides some security for those who are concerned. Conferences and other activities can be conducted to provide privacy while still within sight of others. Children should be taught to yell or run if they are faced with an uncomfortable situation.They should also be taught that it is acceptable to anticipate or call for help in such situations. Another basis of preventing pedophilia is education. Children must be taught to avoid situations that make them defen seless to pedophiles. Adults who work with youth must be taught to avoid situations that may promote pedophilia. Many states have adopted legislation that requires background investigations of any adult who works with children. These persons may be paid, such as teachers, or they may be volunteers in a youth-serving organization.VI. CONCLUSIONIt is very obvious that pedophilia is a serious problem of many countries. The alarming rate of pedophile cases must serve as an eye wantoner to our government, for them to take a serious look and enforce laws that give legal punishment to those who are proven guilty of this crime. Our justice system must be on its introduce to convict the culprit. Everyone should be responsible in handling this horrible crime.Laws against child abuse and neglect should be strengthened and each one of us should be informed about the terrible effects that this crime would cause. But, let us not only put the pressure to the government in solving this problem. We, in our own families, should be the first to take extra care to our own selves. Our family should be strong and open communication should be observed for the better.Help each other to protect our youth, because as the saying goes, The youth is the hope of our Fatherland.B I B L I O G R A P H YAmerican psychiatrical Association. Profile of a Pedophile. Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington, USA American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2006. Clark, Robin. et al. The Encyclopedia of Child Abuse. New York Infobase Publishing, 1998. Flisk, Dr. Reverend Louden-Hans. inner Abuse. Father, Deliver Us from Evil. USA By the Author, 2004. Gabbard, Glen. Summary and Recommendations on Psychological Treatments. Gabbards Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. USA American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2007. Greenberg, Jerrold. et al. The Pedophiliac. Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Canada Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011. Laws, D. Richard and ODonohue, W illiam. Pedophilia Treatment. Sexual deviation Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. USA The Guilford Press, 2008. Murray, David. The Homosexualization of Pedophilia. Homophobias Lust and Loathing across Time and Space. USA Duke University Press, 2009. Primoratz, Igor. Whats wrong with Pedophilia?. Ethics and Sex. London Routledge, 1999. Soble, Alan. Pedophilia. Sex from Plato to Paglia A Philosophical Encyclopedia. USA Greenwood Press, 2006. Vito, Gennaro. et al. The Criminal Justice rejoinder. Criminology Theory, Research and Policy. Canada Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc., 2007. Internet Sourcesen.wikipedia.orgwww.medicinenet.comwww.minddisorders.com

Gabriel Oak Essay Example for Free

Gabriel Oak EssayThe minor character in the novel, such as the farm labourers and Bathshebas maids, although coming into court to be insignificant and unimportant actually have influential and crucial roles to play in the novel. They appropriate the story with many aspects which help move the plot forward whilst bringing authenticity, humour and personal views to the tale. undeniably the most important minor character is Liddy, she provides the reader with large amounts of valu qualified nurture concerning the personalities of Bathsheba from the conversations they h out of date. This is mainly callable to the close relationship between the two, Liddy being Bathshebas maid.As a result, the characteristics of the latter are sh knowledge, non through narration which would be too crude and observable for intrepids style, but through conversations between the two. By utilise this method Hardy can exercise his trademark subtlety and let the audience scratch to their own conclu sions concerning Bathsheba, that of which Hardy originally intended. A good example of this technique where by using Liddy as a medium in which the characteristics of Bathsheba are fed to the reader is at the beginning of the novel where we setoff come into contact with Bathshebas excessive vanity.The following quote was from a conversation between the two women on the up to(p) of Oaks proposal HHHHHHHHHHHHsad A man wanted to once, she said, in a highly experienced voice How clarified it must seem said Liddy, with the fixed features of mental realization. And you wouldnt have him? He wasnt quite good equal for me. Although Liddys main role is to provide the reader with the characteristics of Bathsheba, she has also serves the purpose of moving the plot along.In fact, hotshot of the most essential work upments in the story was sparked by a comment from Liddy, the decision to send Boldwood the Valentine circular which later lead to his complete psychological breakdown What fun it would be to send it to the stupid old Boldwood, and how he would wonder said the irrepressible Liddy. Besides Liddy there are also many separate minor characters that play important and influential roles in providing the story with the ingredients that contribute to making the whole phonograph recording an attractive read.One of the most major roles that they play is their comments on the main characters and actions which take place. This was Hardys method of relaying information that have not been directly covered in the narration to the readers. The mindless chat of the labourers and maids provide us with essential gossip on the actions of the main characters but also they provide the audience their own views on the subject in hand. By giving the reader views from characters in the book, Hardy knew that this would inspire our own idea upon the subject and they for us to form our own judgements.From those judgements, the majority of the reader will come to the same conc lusion, that of which Hardy originally intended. Due to the predictions that the reader will be subconsciously making whilst all this information is relayed to them it creates an transmit of suspense as one waits to see if their prediction was correct. An example of this can be seen when Gabriel Oak first arrives in Weatherbury and is told about the story of the stealing balif by the rustics As to shepherd, there, Im sure misess ought to have made ye her baily-such a fitting man fort as you be. This comment by Joseph Poorgrass makes the reader wonder if Bathsheba will indeed employ Oak as her balif. And automatically the audience moves to the question of whether Oak and Bathsheba will actually develop a relationship should Oak work for her. This is Hardys technique of ensuring interest from the audience, by using the comments of the rustics he is able to create curiosity and suspense in the story. Another example of Hardys style of parallels of what is to happen comes from a conv ersation Liddy and Boldwood hold after the town hears of the death of Troy My mistress certainly did once say, though not seriously, that she supposed she might marry a deduce at the end of seven years from last year. interpreting this remark once again sparks the interest of the readers drafting them to the question will Bathsheba marry again at the end of the seven years and if so who? Boldwood or Oak? However, despite the subtle intention of drawing attention from the readers the rustics also have a more basic objective of providing the reader of more apprehensiveness of the characters and the events.Especially, we learn more detail regarding the past of the main characters which gives us a more comprehensive soul of the saga as a whole. In addition, from this knowledge more accurate pre conceptions are made and leads back to the psyche I suggested previously on the topic of drawing interest. We learn that Boldwood has had madness in his family and therefore gain a more per ceptive insight into Boldwoods passion and obsession Oh Coggan, said Troy, as if inspired by a recollection, do you know if insanity has ever appeared in Mr.Boldwoods family? Jan reflected for a moment.

America’s Greatest Challenge in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

Americas Greatest Ch entirelyenge in the 21st Century experimentThroughout the 21st century, United States of America has been plagued by so many crisis and challenges that put the integrity and causeiveness of its government on test. But perhaps the most harrowing ordeal the country has ever undergo was the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 which claimed more than two thousand lives, mostly innocent civilians. United States has considered terrorism, twin with atomic threats, its greatest challenge ever. Organized terrorists from hostile nations target America.Since the nation is very superior in conventional warfare compared to its adversaries, terrorists deviate from non-conventional warfare and resort to nuclear terrorism. Technology is helping these criminals to undertake their diabolic scheme. In nuclear terrorism, the terrorist use nuclear weapons, including radiological weapons, to cause massive destructions to humanity to attain their governmental or religio us ideals. Terrorists pose great threats by utilizing or exploiting nuclear in a consider of ways1) They raft attack nuclear facilities for the purpose of melting down the nuclear reactor and purgative the toxic substance inside.The power plant will cause radioactive contamination and will entrust into great casualties. Such incident my equal or exceed the catastrophe brought by the Chernobyl in 1986. 2) They put up create dirty bomb which is loaded with radioactive materials and a conventional explosive. Upon detonation, it releases radioactive and highly criminal particles in the air. Terrorists find this appealing since it is very successful in in soundlessing fear and panic. Further, its contaminating effect is long-lasting. 3) They ordure create improvised nuclear device (IND). This bomb uses low-grade nuclear substance that the effect is still devastating. ) They can buy ready-made nuclear weapons in the black market. This way, all they deem to do is read the manual, set the weapon and detonate it. Presto Hundreds of civilians lie lifeless on the street. 5) They can create a full-blown nuclear bomb. This may not be highly probable, but it is still possible. Organized terrorists, including those who are supported by the hostile nations, have the technology, money and capability to design and execute a nuclear bomb. The danger is very clear the spectre of nuclear attack on the American soil looms and it is getting clearer each day.Wrong reach are holding nuclear weapons the wrong hands who desire nothing but to kill Americans and destroy American power. America is a powerful and blue country. It can easily build a nuclear weapon and bomb those nations who cuddle terrorists. Fight give the axe with fire. However, that is easier said than done. There are several and less violent, yet effective, ways for America to fight nuclear terrorism. First, all nuclear weapons, materials and facilities must be secured and well-protected. This way, it prev ents any plan of the terrorists to attack, sabotage or steal these things.This includes the intensifier drive of the government to eliminate or confiscate all nuclear weapons and materials held by unauthorized individuals and harbor anybody who is caught selling these deadly things. Second, stiff sanction must be imposed to any nation or country that sponsor any act of terrorism. America should be firm with this one. Without any sponsor and a base, terrorism and terrorist will surely cease to prosper. Third, investigating and counter-terrorism tools must be upgraded to match the sophistication of terrorists. diversion from that, the agencies must not keep the reports to themselves.They must share information not to the public but with the new(prenominal) agencies. They must have transparency to compare notes and information. Lastly, the American citizens must be educated about all kinds of terrorism. Information drive should be conducted. If possible, civilians should be given a uthority to make an arrest if necessary. This way, ordinary citizen can help distinguish any terrorism even before the act is committed. With knowledgeable civilians around, detection of terrorism will not be limited to the authority alone thus the long arm of the truth is made even longer and prevention rate of terrorism will be much higher.